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Anatolian hypothesis
The Anatolian hypothesis proposes that the dispersal of Proto-Indo-Europeans originated in Neolithic Anatolia. The hypothesis suggests that the speakers of the Proto-Indo-European language (PIE) lived in Anatolia during the Neolithic era, and associates the distribution of historical Indo-European languages with the expansion during the Neolithic revolution of the seventh and sixth millennia BC. An alternative (and academically more favored view) is the Kurgan hypothesis.
The main proponent of the Anatolian hypothesis, Colin Renfrew, suggested in 1987 a peaceful Indo-Europeanization of Europe from Anatolia from around 7000 BC, with the advance of farming by demic diffusion ("wave of advance"). Accordingly, most of the inhabitants of Neolithic Europe would have spoken Indo-European languages, and later migrations would at best have replaced these Indo-European varieties with other Indo-European varieties.〔.〕
The main strength of the farming hypothesis lies in its linking of the spread of Indo-European languages with an archaeologically known event (the spread of farming) which scholars often assume involved significant population shifts.
==Support==
A 2003 analysis of "87 languages with 2,449 lexical items" found an age range for the "initial Indo-European divergence" of 7,800–9,800 years, which was found to be consistent with the Anatolian hypothesis.〔.〕 In 2006, the authors of the paper responded to their critics.〔.〕 In 2011, the same authors and S. Greenhill found that two different datasets were also consistent with their theory.〔.〕 An analysis by Ryder and Nicholls (2011) found that: "Our main result is a unimodal posterior distribution for the age of Proto-Indo-European centred at 8400 years before Present with 95% highest posterior density interval equal to 7100–9800 years before Present." which was found to support the Anatolian hypothesis.〔.〕 A computerized phylogeographic study published in August 2012 in ''Science'', using methods drawn from the modeling of the spatial diffusion of infectious diseases, also showed strong support for the Anatolian hypothesis,〔.〕 despite having undergone corrections and revisions.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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